Quantitative Research Performing other Worlds: lessons from sustainable agriculture in the Philippines     

Sarah Wright 《The Australian geographer》2014,45(1):1-18

For those interested in ethical research, quantitative methods are often dismissed as apolitical; as unreflective exercises in ‘mere counting’. If, however, in doing research, we bring into being the very worlds we purport to describe, the question begs: what kinds of worlds might quantitative methods bring into being? Is there space for a reflexive, quantitative research agenda? In this paper, I will discuss an action-based predominantly quantitative research project that aimed to investigate the diverse impacts of sustainable agriculture on small-scale farmers in the Philippines. The study, one of the largest ever undertaken on organic rice production, was consciously designed, not merely to describe, but to perform organic agriculture differently. While most quantitative, and indeed much qualitative, research ignores its performativity, this research was intended to enact a reality of sustainable agriculture as a viable and vital alternative to mainstream, capitalist agriculture.  相似文献   

The Role of Coffee in the Development of Southwest Ethiopia's Forests: Farmers' Strategies,Investor Speculation,and Certification Projects     

Samir El Ouaamari  Hubert Cochet 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(2):200-214

This article examines the role of coffee in the agriculture of southwest Ethiopian highlands, a context characterized by recent huge private coffee estate developments, coffee certification projects and smallholdings. The analysis shows that smallholder farmers prioritize staple crops, and allocate land and labor to coffee only once food production objectives have been reached. It also underscores the diversity of the local peasantry, often treated as a homogeneous group in development projects designed to boost farmers' income through coffee production. Based on this analysis, the article evaluates the effects of recent coffee-oriented development policies: state forest concessions for coffee investment, and two coffee certification projects (UTZ-Certified and Fair-Trade/Organic). Because they omit the differentiated farmers' strategies, these certification initiatives fail to improve local populations' livelihoods and accelerate incipient socioeconomic inequalities. Moreover, when applied to big private plantations, they participate in farmers' dispossession from critical forest resources essential to households' food self-sufficiency.  相似文献   

Mapping Energy: Cartographies of Energy Into The Twenty‐First Century     

Jordan P. Howell  David L. Baylis 《Geographical review》2014,104(2):209-228

“Energy” presents a number of complex and interrelated challenges regarding the environment, economy, and politics. In this paper, we argue that cartography should help clarify our understanding of energy issues, but ask whether this has in fact been the case. In a review of over 100 articles pulled from twenty‐three peer‐reviewed geography journals, we qualitatively assess energy maps published since the early 20^th century, examining trends in topic and cartographic technique. Energy maps in geography journals have focused on North America and Western Europe while relying on proportional symbols, grayscale production, and the analysis of energy phenomena at the national scale—tendencies that in many instances have limited our understanding of the ways in which energy is actually consumed. Simultaneously, cartographers are limited to the energy data available to them, frequently precluding small‐scale consumption analysis or consideration of diurnal and seasonal trends. We argue that the future of energy cartography relies on access to consumption data coupled with greater user interactivity.  相似文献   

Use of the Stinkbug,Encosternum delegorguei (Hemiptera,Tessaratomidae), for Food and Income in South Africa     

Cathy M. Dzerefos  Ed T. F. Witkowski  Rob Toms 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(8):882-897

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粮食安全视角下中国历史气候变化影响与响应的过程与机理   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10  

方修琦  郑景云  葛全胜 《地理科学》2014,(11):1299-1306

基于现代全球变化研究中关于脆弱性和粮食安全的概念,把历史时期的粮食安全分解为粮食生产安全、粮食供给安全、粮食消费安全3个层次,以气候变化直接影响粮食生产水平为起点,分析气候变化-农(牧)业收成-食物的人均供给量-饥民-社会稳定性的驱动-响应链中的关键过程,指出气候变化影响的驱动-响应关系不能归结为简单的因果关系,诸如耕地、人口、政策、外来势力都会对气候变化的影响起着放大或抑制的作用。  相似文献   

海洋寄生性甲藻——阿米巴藻Amoebophrya spp.的研究进展     

李才文 《海洋学报》2014,36(6):1-9

寄生性甲藻阿米巴藻Amoebophrya是一类广泛寄生于纤毛虫类、放射虫类、甲藻类等海水浮游生物的原生生物,在北大西洋、北太平洋和地中海等营养盐丰富、宿主密度较高的河口和近海水环境中普遍存在,是海洋浮游食物网的重要组成部分。这类寄生性甲藻能够特异性感染海洋浮游甲藻,在有害藻华(harmful algal bloom,HAB)的发生过程中起下行控制作用,将逃脱了浮游动物摄食的浮游植物补充到微食物环(microbial loop)中去。Amoebophrya在近海海洋生态系统中的独特作用日益受到国际上越来越多研究者的关注和重视,并逐渐成为国际上海洋微型生物研究的新热点之一。近年来,已有初步调查研究表明这类寄生性甲藻在我国近海海域广泛存在;然而,目前我国尚缺乏该类寄生性甲藻的相关研究。本文系统综述了国际上该类寄生性甲藻的研究进展,针对目前研究中存在的问题并结合我国有害藻华发生机制相关研究的现状做出了分析和展望,以期推动我国该类寄生性甲藻的相关研究,为进一步阐释寄生性甲藻等海洋微型生物在有害藻华消长过程和海洋微食物环中的作用奠定基础。  相似文献   

Putting the seafood in sustainable food systems     

《Marine Policy》2014

Increasing attention by consumers to the social and environmental dimensions of the food they eat has generated many different responses, including certification programs, watch lists and local/slow food movements. This article examines the more recent entry of seafood into these consumer social movements. Although a concern with the family farm—as well as tendency to equate national security with food security—has long connected terrestrial food production with other cultural concerns, fisheries have tended to be regarded more as natural resources. Considering seafood as part of the “food system” would enhance the management of fisheries, while the long engagement in fisheries with co- and adaptive management and the politics of knowledge would enrich the debate in the agri-foods literature. The article also offers suggestions on how fisheries management could better govern for sustainable food systems, and provides further ideas about food, sustainability and governance.  相似文献   

荣成天鹅湖越冬大天鹅粪便的重金属水平     

王峰  周毅  杨红生 《海洋科学》2014,38(6):1-4

为对大天鹅(Cygnus cygnus)保护及湖区管理提供基础数据,作者于2011年11月~2012年3月研究了山东荣成天鹅湖越冬大天鹅食物来源及其粪便的重金属水平。结果表明:所选择的食物来源中,Zn、As和Cr在硬毛藻(Chaetomorpha linum)中含量最高,Cd在大叶藻(Zostera marina L.)叶片中含量最高,Pb在大叶藻根茎中含量最高,Cu在石莼(Ulva pertusa)中含量最高,Hg在小麦(Triticum aestivum)中含量最高;水生植物来源的粪便中Cd含量极显著高于陆地植物来源的粪便,陆地植物来源的粪便中Cr,Pb和Hg含量显著高于水生植物来源的粪便;摄食小麦苗可能造成大天鹅对Cd和Hg的积累。  相似文献   

我国硫资源供需状况及需求预测     

赵明  陈春琳  高鹏  孙小红 《化工矿产地质》2014,36(3):173-181

全球硫资源特征及国内硫资源供需现状表明,国内硫资源贫乏,硫资源生产与消费逐年增加,尤其磷肥生产对硫资源的需求越来越迫切,预计到2020~2025年磷肥用硫量将达到峰值1620万t左右,不包括出口磷肥耗硫量。因此,加强硫资源的综合利用、加大硫铁矿找矿及矿山设计是非常有必要的。  相似文献   

旅游地传统饮食文化原真性感知对满意度与行为意向的影响——以宏村臭鳜鱼为例     

莫宏伟  尹寿兵  刘云霞 《热带地理》2022,42(11):1918-1930

在区分地方饮食与传统饮食概念的基础上,选择宏村传统饮食臭鳜鱼作为研究对象,通过对就餐环境、服务、食物3个原真性维度和满意度与行为意向2个维度,构建Amos结构方程模型,探究游客对传统饮食文化的原真性感知及其对旅游地就餐满意度和行为意向的影响。结果显示,3个维度的原真性均对满意度呈显著、直接、正向影响,对行为意向呈显著、间接、正向影响;其中,环境原真性对就餐满意度影响最大,其次为服务原真性,最后为食物原真性。研究认为,即使体验对象是与原真性关联紧密的传统饮食,大众游客仍更关注整体就餐环境和服务氛围,食物本身对满意度的影响最低。游客需求引发传统饮食文化舞台化重塑,并呈现“去传统化”与“去地方化”特征,旅游地饮食文化塑造对环境的关注大于食物,但当地居民更加关注食物本身的口味,主客关注差异和食物生产过程的游客需求导向引发当地居民对舞台化饮食的认同度降低。未来旅游地要充分考虑传统饮食的特殊性,重塑让游客与本地居民更加满意的饮食文化。  相似文献